Many people notice gum recession from visual inspection when flossing, or when they run their tongue along the interior gum line to find that the root of a tooth is beginning to jut out.
When recession of the gingiva occurs, your oral cavity exhibits a loss of natural defense against both bacterial penetration and trauma. When the recession is minor (one or two teeth), it means that some healthy gingiva likely remains and will continue to protect the tooth with proper oral hygiene and regular dental checkups.
However, when gum recession becomes problematic and reaches the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, reconstruction is necessary. Thankfully, gum grafting is an effective solution.
When Gum Grafting Surgery is Recommended
Advanced gum recession often results in root sensitivity to hot and cold foods and beverages. In addition, it can result in an unsightly appearance of the gum and expose the roots of the teeth.
Inconveniences and aesthetic concerns aside, significant gum recession can predispose you to further recession and root exposure, which can lead to root caries and root gouging. Gum recession occurs when the body loses its natural gum tissue and defense mechanisms, which can result from periodontal disease or trauma.
Additionally, gum recession can lead to the deterioration of the supporting bone, potentially compromising tooth stability. Simply put, if your gum recession is near or has reached the oral mucosa membrane, you need to act now.
The results in the photographs are examples only and do not imply any certainty of the result of a procedure, and all outcomes are subject to the circumstances of the individual patient.
Gum Grafting Procedures
Pinhole Surgical Technique
There is another advanced treatment for gum recession that is available at our Point Grey Vancouver clinic. The Pinhole Surgical Technique (PST) is a complex procedure that is extremely effective in addressing gum recession.
About Gum Grafting
Gingival graft or gum graft surgery is a well-known periodontal surgery that is designed to treat gum recession. In this process, a thin piece of tissue is obtained by taking tissue from the roof of your mouth or gently moving over from adjacent areas to provide a stable band of attached gingiva around the tooth. The gingival graft may be placed in a manner that will cover the exposed portion of the root.
Another technique is the pedicle graft, which involves partially cutting and repositioning gum tissue from an area adjacent to the affected tooth. Pedicle grafts are suitable for patients with sufficient gum tissue near the impacted teeth and are highly effective for covering exposed roots.
Gum Grafting Options
Connective Tissue Grafting
A connective tissue graft is one of the most commonly performed gum graft surgeries for treating gum recession and exposed tooth roots. Connective tissue grafting is typically used in patients with more severe gum recession.
During this procedure, your periodontist will carefully take a small piece of connective tissue from the roof of the mouth, known as the palate, and place it over the affected area where the gum has receded. The connective tissue graft is then sutured to the existing gum tissue, covering the exposed tooth root and blending seamlessly with your natural gum line.
This type of tissue graft is especially effective in improving both the health and appearance of your gums, as it can be used to treat multiple teeth simultaneously and delivers reliable, long-lasting results. A connective tissue graft is known for its high success rate and its ability to restore a natural, healthy look to the gum line.
Free Gingival Gum Grafting
A free gingival graft is another effective gum graft surgery designed to address gum recession and protect exposed tooth roots, particularly in patients with thin gums. In this procedure, a small section of gum tissue is taken directly from the roof of the mouth and transplanted to the area where the gum has receded.
Unlike the connective tissue graft, the free gingival graft only uses the top layer of tissue, which is then carefully attached to the affected area to increase the thickness and resilience of the gums.
After the surgery, it’s normal to experience some pain or discomfort, as well as mild swelling, but these symptoms can be managed with prescribed pain relief and ice packs. Following the specific instructions provided by your gum specialist is crucial to ensure proper healing and to minimize the risk of infection.
What Causes Receding Gums?
A receding gum line can occur for many reasons. Typically, it occurs due to oral hygiene or genetic factors. Some of these common causes include:
- Brushing too hard or with a stiff toothbrush
- Gum disease / Periodontal Disease
- Thin or delicate gum tissue
- Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism)
- Misaligned teeth or bite problems
- Lip or tongue piercings rubbing on the gums
Gum Grafting Process & Procedure
Consultation and Planning
Your treatment at VDSC begins with a detailed consultation. During this visit, your periodontist evaluates the health of your gums, the extent of recession, and the overall condition of your teeth. Photos and precise measurements are taken to create a personalized treatment plan. You’ll also discuss grafting options, donor sites, and expected outcomes so you know exactly what to expect before the procedure.
Procedure
On the day of your procedure, the area will be numbed to ensure your comfort. Depending on the type of graft chosen, a small section of tissue is taken from the palate, or donor material is prepared. This tissue is grafted over the exposed root and carefully secured in place. The graft is shaped to match your natural gum line and protected with gentle sutures or a special dressing.
Healing and Follow-Up
You’ll receive clear aftercare instructions to support healing. Mild swelling or tenderness is normal during the first few days. Soft foods, gentle cleaning, and avoiding pressure on the graft area will help protect the new tissue. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can help keep the surgical area clean and prevent infection. Be sure to gently brush your teeth, but avoid direct contact with the grafted area to prevent damage. Most patients resume normal routines within a week, with the gum tissue continuing to strengthen and mature over the next several months.
Long-Term Results
The long-term results of gum graft surgery are generally very positive, with most patients experiencing significant improvements in the health and appearance of their gums. With proper care and maintenance, gum grafts can last for many years.
It’s essential for patients to follow a consistent oral hygiene routine, including regular brushing and flossing, to ensure the long-term success of the graft. Patients should also attend regular follow-up appointments with their gum specialist to monitor the health of their gums and catch any potential problems early.
By taking good care of their gums and teeth, patients can enjoy the benefits of gum graft surgery for many years to come, including a healthy, beautiful smile and improved overall oral health.
